Ian Ayres Books
Ian Ayres is an American economist, lawyer, and professor at Yale University. He is known for his work in law and economics, behavioral economics, and statistical analysis of discrimination.
Known for: Carrots and Sticks: Unlock the Power of Incentives to Get Things Done, Super Crunchers: Why Thinking-by-Numbers Is the New Way to Be Smart
Books by Ian Ayres

Carrots and Sticks: Unlock the Power of Incentives to Get Things Done
In this book, Ian Ayres explores how incentives—both positive and negative—can be used to influence behavior and improve decision-making. Drawing on behavioral economics and psychology, Ayres demonstr...

Super Crunchers: Why Thinking-by-Numbers Is the New Way to Be Smart
Super Crunchers explores how data analysis and statistical models are transforming decision-making in business, medicine, and everyday life. Ian Ayres demonstrates how quantitative methods often outpe...
Key Insights from Ian Ayres
The Science of Incentives: Why Carrots and Sticks Work
At the heart of behavioral economics lies an uncomfortable truth: we are not the purely rational, forward-looking actors that traditional economics assumes us to be. We procrastinate, overeat, under-save, and make inconsistent choices depending on how options are presented. Incentives matter—not bec...
From Carrots and Sticks: Unlock the Power of Incentives to Get Things Done
Commitment Contracts and Self-Motivation
One of the central practical ideas I explore in *Carrots and Sticks* is the concept of commitment contracts. These are formal or informal agreements you create to bind your future self to a present goal. You decide in advance what the reward—or penalty—will be, and who will hold you accountable. The...
From Carrots and Sticks: Unlock the Power of Incentives to Get Things Done
The Rise of the Super Crunchers
The story begins with a world where decisions were dominated by intuition. Doctors once relied on bedside manner and experience to diagnose ailments, airlines depended on seasoned pricing managers to set fares, and financial analysts read markets as though deciphering tea leaves. Yet, as computation...
From Super Crunchers: Why Thinking-by-Numbers Is the New Way to Be Smart
Evidence over Intuition: Lessons from Case Studies
To show what ‘thinking by numbers’ really means in practice, I devoted much of the book to case studies—real stories that demonstrate how data-driven decisions outperform intuition. One striking example comes from education. Economists seeking to understand effective teaching methods didn’t rely on ...
From Super Crunchers: Why Thinking-by-Numbers Is the New Way to Be Smart
About Ian Ayres
Ian Ayres is an American economist, lawyer, and professor at Yale University. He is known for his work in law and economics, behavioral economics, and statistical analysis of discrimination. Ayres has authored several books that bridge academic research and practical applications in everyday decisio...
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Ian Ayres is an American economist, lawyer, and professor at Yale University. He is known for his work in law and economics, behavioral economics, and statistical analysis of discrimination. Ayres has authored several books that bridge academic research and practical applications in everyday decisio...
Ian Ayres is an American economist, lawyer, and professor at Yale University. He is known for his work in law and economics, behavioral economics, and statistical analysis of discrimination. Ayres has authored several books that bridge academic research and practical applications in everyday decision-making.
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Ian Ayres is an American economist, lawyer, and professor at Yale University. He is known for his work in law and economics, behavioral economics, and statistical analysis of discrimination.
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